Sitografia
Capitolo 1
Nova Lost at Sea: The Search for Longitude. This web site from the PBS series Nova, outlines the problems involved with developing an accurate system of longitude for navigation.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/longitude/
NOAA Digital Topographic Atlas provides many different topographic maps using digital elevation models.
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/topo/topo.html
WorldTime Interactive Atlas provides an interactive globe that allows you to point and click to find out the longitude, latitude and current time.
http://www.worldtime.com/
World Time Server provides the current time and location of any country, including the different states of the US and provinces of Canada.
http://www.worldtimeserver.com/
Guide to Arctic Sunrise and Sunset. This web site provides the hours of daylight and darkness for each day of the year for three latitudes in the Arctic region.
http://www.athropolis.com/sun-fr.htm
Capitolo 2
NASA’s Earth Observatory:
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov
TerraServer—fine-resolution satellite imagery. Take a look at this site with some of the most detailed satellite images available today:
http://www.terraserver.com/
Remote Sensing Core Curriculum is a detailed web site describing and explaining the field of remote sensing:
http://www.research.umbc.edu/~tbenja1/umbc7
An Energy Balance Climate Model developed by the Shodor Educational Foundation. Change the variables including the solar constant and ice and cloud albedos to produce a simple simulation.
http://www.shodor.org/master/environmental/general/energy/index.html
The official web site for CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System).
http://ceres.larc.nasa.gov/
A Primer on Ozone Depletion (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). A general introduction to and review of the problems and impacts associated with stratospheric ozone depletion.
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/index.html
Capitolo 3
Today from Space—NASA. This site provides real-time images and data on current temperature and weather as well as up-to-date data on global temperature changes.
http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/son/winter/weather_watch/stations/F_Weather_Watch_NWS.html
Climate Time Line Information Tool. This site documents climate change.
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/
Nova Warnings from the Ice. A website that describes the types of information that can be obtained from cores taken from today’s ice sheets. Useful in explaining what this information tells us about how the climate operates.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/warnings/
Nova and Frontline What’s Up with the Weather? This website examines recent apparent increases in extreme and unseasonable weather.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/warming/
The Ancient Bristlecone Pine. Website focusing on the use of this long-lived tree species to reconstruct proxy climate data.
http://www.sonic.net/bristlecone/home.html
Climate Change Notes and web links from a meteorology course at Lyndon State College.
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/Capitolo18/index.html
Heat Island Effect. EPA website that explains the urban heat island effect.
http://www.epa.gov/hiri/
Remote Sensing of Urban Heat Islands. This resource includes an exercise to detect heat islands from a clickable satellite image.
http://itg1.meteor.wisc.edu/wxwise/museum/a3/a3heatisl.html
Capitolo 4
Humidity from Meteorology On-line. A review of humidity with practical background information.
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0112425/stu_rain.htm
Snow Crystals. Here you can learn about the ever-varied and intricate patterns of snow crystals and how they form.
http://www.its.caltech.edu/%7Eatomic/snowcrystals/
The Aurora Page. Although the textbook does not cover auroras, they are also interesting phenomena to investigate. Often people do not notice the Northern Lights because they do not know what to look for. Learn about them here.
http://www.geo.mtu.edu/weather/aurora/
Cloud Boutique from the Plymouth State College Meteorology Program. This site provides an extensive collection of cloud images.
http://vortex.plymouth.edu/clouds.html
Clouds and Precipitation from the On-line Weather Guide. This site reviews the different concepts associated with clouds and precipitation.
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/cld/home.rxml
Cloudman is a web site devoted to observing clouds. Included are a cloud atlas, cloud gallery, and tips on photographing clouds.
http://www.cloudman.com/
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP). A global project to provide synchronous estimates of cloud cover across Earth.
http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/
NOAA’s Drought Site. This website monitors and evaluates drought conditions and includes the Drought Calculator, which can assess how much rain would be required in a region to end a drought. http://www.drought.noaa.gov/
Storm Prediction from the National Weather Service. Provides real-time data on current weather watches, thunderstorms, and fire risk.
http://www.spc.noaa.gov/products/index.html
The Disaster Center Lightning page. Find out more about current research on lightning, including technologies to protect properties as well as some amazing images.
http://www.disastercenter.com/lightng.htm
National Weather Warnings for Extreme Weather Events in the USA. Examine the system that categorizes the various forms of extreme weather warnings, a topic about which everyone should be informed.
http://iwin.nws.noaa.gov/iwin/nationalwarnings.html
Capitolo 5
Atmospheric Pressure from Nova’s online adventure to Everest. One of the most extreme changes in atmospheric pressure that someone can experience is to climb Mount Everest. Find out here about the impacts upon climbers and the environment.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/everest/exposure/pressure.html
Forces and Winds—the Online Meteorology Guide. A general overview of the concepts associated with the Coriolis force and winds.
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/fw/home.rxml
Names of Winds. Discover the origins of the names of winds such as local and mountain winds.
http://ggweather.com/winds.html
Bad Coriolis—cautionary website identifying mistakes people often make when describing or explaining the Coriolis effect.
http://www.ems.psu.edu/~fraser/Bad/BadCoriolis.html
Nova—Tracking El Nino. Find out how predictions of El Nino are made and what potential changes in the weather result from El Nino.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/elnino/
Year of the Ocean 1998. This NOAA online exhibition provides a rich overview of many aspects of Earth’s oceans and some of the problems they face.
http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/
Jet Stream Analysis from the California Regional Weather Server.
http://squall.sfsu.edu/crws/jetstream.html
Capitolo 6
Air Masses and Fronts -Online Meteorology Guide. A brief introduction to the processes involved with air masses and fronts.
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/%28Gh%29/guides/mtr/af/home.rxml
Reading Weather Maps -Online Meteorology Guide. A useful explanation of weather maps and how to use them.
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/maps/home.rxml
Hurricanes—online meteorology guide. A general review on topics relating to hurricanes.
http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/home.rxml
National Weather Service Tropical Prediction Center. Find out how tropical storms are predicted and tracked.
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/index.shtml
The Hurricane Hunters—The 53rd Weather Reconnaissance Squadron flies through hurricanes to take direct measurements. They even post their photographs on this website as soon as they land.
http://www.hurricanehunters.com/
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale describes the conditions associated with categories of hurricanes and some examples of past hurricanes.
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/laescae.html
Hurricane Information from USA Today. A general guide to hurricanes with some safety information.
http://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/whur0.htm
Tornado Project Online. This extensive site provides a wide array of information on tornadoes from researchers and professional storm chasers.
http://www.tornadoproject.com/index.html
Valparaiso University Storm Intercept Team. A site about one research team that chases tornadoes.
http://www.valpo.edu/student/vusit/
Edmonton Tornado, 1987—devastating event in the history of this Canadian city.
http://datalib.library.ualberta.ca/tornado/
Tornado Information from USA Today. A general guide to tornadoes with some safety information.
http://www.usatoday.com/weather/tornado/wtwist0.htm
Capitolo 7
World Climate. Type in the location to find out about its climate.
http://www.worldclimate.com/
Climates of the World. A forty page guide from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/documentlibrary/pdf/climatesoftheworld.pdf
Maps for Climate Classification (FAO). This FAO site has a particular focus on the impact of climates on agricultural production.
http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/faoinfo/sustdev/EIdirect/climate/EIsptext.htm
National Climatic Data Center. The NCDC collects and analyzes global climate data and many
meteorological variables.
http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/ncdc.html
Interactive Koppen’s Climate Classification Map. Click on the locations on the map to view their
climographs.
http://www.uwmc.uwc.edu/geography/100/koppen_web/koppen_map.htm
Global Extremes. A NOAA site that records and describes the extremes of weather around the world, such as extreme temperatures.
http://lwf.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/globalextremes.html
Live Weather Images—Weather Cams. Access live pictures from around the world to see their current weather conditions.
http://www.weatherimages.org/weathercams/
The Tropical Meteorology Project. A research project that aims to evaluate tropical weather
phenomena such as typhoons.
http://typhoon.atmos.colostate.edu/
PBS Nature—Monsoon. An in-depth and dynamic site from PBS describing the processes related to monsoons and why monsoons are variable.
http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/monsoon/html/intro.html
The Sahara Desert. A site describing the physical geography, biology, and culture of the Sahara.
http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/ontheline/explore/nature/deserts/sahara.htm
UN Convention to Combat Desertification. The results of international cooperation to reduce
desertification by protecting natural vegetation and monitoring climates.
http://www.unccd.int/en/programmes/Pages/home.aspx
Tundra Page. A useful review of tundra climates and the biomes of that region.
http://ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes/tundra3/tundra3.html
Taiga Net. A general description of the vegetation of the taiga and some of the environmental concerns today.
http://www.taiga.net/index.html
Arctic Climate and Meteorology Primer (from National Snow and Ice Data Center).
http://nsidc.org/arcticmet/index.html
Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study (BOREAS). A research project examining many aspects of boreal climates, including greenhouse gases.
http://daac.ornl.gov/BOREAS/boreas.shtml
The American Experience—Surviving the Dust Bowl. A historical account of the Dust Bowl of the 1930 when thousands had to abandon their farms because of soil erosion and drought.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/dustbowl/
El Nino and California Precipitation. A thorough explanation of how El Nino affects rainfall in California.
http://tornado.sfsu.edu/geosciences/elnino/elnino.html
Managing Arid and Semi-Arid Watersheds. A detailed and practical introduction on managing arid regions to prevent desertification.
http://ag.arizona.edu/OALS/watershed/index.html
Capitolo 8
Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. A long-term ecological research project.
http://www.hubbardbrook.org/
The Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). An extensive site including current carbon dioxide data and long-term records.
http://cdiac.esd.ornl.gov/
An Introduction to the Nitrogen Cycle. A general site describing the factors associated with the nitrogen cycle.
http://muextension.missouri.edu/xplor/envqual/wq0252.htm
USDA/NRCS Web Soil Survey provides national coverage of soil maps and related information.
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
Capitolo 9
Mission Biomes (NASA). This site explains the use of satellite imagery to monitor the Earth’s biomes.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Laboratory/Biome/
The Wilds of Madagascar. A Nova site looking at the many aspects of the environment of Madagascar.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/madagascar/explore/
Animal Diversity Web from the University of Michigan Zoology Museum.
http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/
Amazon Interactive. A multimedia tour of the Amazon basin, with particular reference to biodiversity.
http://www.eduweb.com/amazon.html
Virtual Fieldtrip to Indian Peaks, Colorado. An introduction to altitudinal zonation of vegetation and the effects of glaciation. The fieldtrip travels from mixed aspen, to tundra transition landscapes to active glaciers.
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/projects/virtdept/ipvft/ipvftmod.html
Major Biomes of the World. A general introduction to the world’s biomes with numerous pictures.
https://php.radford.edu/~swoodwar/biomes/
World Biomes.com. Another general introduction to the world’s biomes with many pictures.
http://www.worldbiomes.com/
Capitolo 10
Soil Taxonom —the Twelve Soil Orders. A brief review of the features of the twelve soil orders.
http://soils.ag.uidaho.edu/soilorders/
Canadian Soil Information System. An explanation of the system used to classify Canadian soils.
http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/intro.html
Soil Science Society of American online soil glossary. A detailed reference explaining the many terms associated with soil science.
https://www.soils.org/publications/soils-glossary/
USDA/NRCS Soils Website. This site contains a wealth of information about soils, with a particular emphasis on soils of the United States.
http://soils.usda.gov/
USDA Web Soil Survey. This site lets the user access detailed soil’s information from all areas of the United States.
http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm
National Soil Database of Canada. A detailed reference that records and examines the extent of different soil types in Canada.
http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/nsdb/intro.html
The Pedosphere and Its Dynamics. A general explanation of the soil and its systems.
http://www.pedosphere.com/
The World Wide Soil Jump Station. An extensive series of links to a wide variety of web pages about soils.
http://soil.hostweb.org.uk/
Best Management Practices for Soil Erosion (EPA). Download this self-extracting file to see a general introduction on soil erosion.
http://www.epa.gov/oecaagct/ag101/cropsoil.html
Capitolo 11
The Mineral Gallery. An extensive list of minerals with photographs and characteristics.
http://mineral.galleries.com/
Collectors Corner. A useful site from the Mineralogical Society of America to guide people in collecting their own rocks and minerals.
http://www.minsocam.org/msa/collectors_corner/index.htm
Mineral Information Institute. An extensive site with educational programs for schools on the role of mineral industries.
http://www.mii.org/
The Burgess Shale: A Hidden Treasure in the Canadian Rockies. An important example of a fossil-rich strata with ancient animals.
http://park.org/Canada/Museum/burgessshale/titlen.html
Fossils, Rocks and Time (USGS). A general introduction to fossils and the geological time scale from the US Geological Survey.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/fossils/
Metamorphic Rock Identification. A guide to the characteristics and qualities of different types of metamorphic rocks.
http://geology.csupomona.edu/drjessey/class/Gsc101/Meta.html
Geology by Light Plane. Professor Louis Maher, Jr. provides a selection of the images he has taken from the air to show a variety of geologic features and landforms.
http://www.geology.wisc.edu/~maher/air.html
This Dynamic Earth – The Story of Plate Tectonics. A thorough introduction to the discovery and theories of plate tectonics.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/dynamic.html
The Interior of the Earth (USGS). A brief introduction to the structure of Earth and related processes.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/interior/
PaleoMap Project. An extensive ongoing research project that is accurately reconstructing the shape and positions of the continents through geologic time.
http://www.scotese.com/
NASA Pangaea Interactive Map Game. A simple game to label the continents evident in Pangaea.
http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/pangaea/Pangaea_game.html
Dive and Discover -Expeditions to the Sea Floor. A well-illustrated introduction to tectonic landforms and features on the ocean floor.
http://www.divediscover.whoi.edu/
Descent to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A detailed description of the Mid-Atlantic ridge derived from modern submarine technologies.
http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/mar/
Land and Sea Topography. Satellite-derived full-color images of relief on land and in the ocean basins.
http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/image/2minrelief.html
Geological Time Machine. A detailed description of each geologic time period with reference toenvironmental conditions and the biosphere.
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/help/timeform.html
Comprehending Geologic Time Calculator. It’s difficult to envision the long periods of time associated with the geologic time scale. This calculator allows you to compress it into something more familiar and manageable, such as a calendar year.
http://www.athro.com/geo/timecalc.html
Timelines at the American Museum of Natural History. A useful exhibition of different types of fossils associated with different geologic time periods.
http://www.amnh.org/content/search?SearchText=fossil+ahll+timeline
Capitolo 12
Weekly Volcanic Activity Report, Smithsonian USGS. A weekly global report listing currently erupting volcanoes and the details of their activity.
http://www.volcano.si.edu/gvp/reports/usgs/index.cfm
Nova-The Deadly Shadow of Vesuvius. A well-illustrated site originally produced for the TV series Nova on one of the world’s most famous volcanoes.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vesuvius/
Nova—Into the Abyss: Volcanoes of the Deep. Another well-illustrated site produced for Nova on submarine volcanoes, such as those associated with the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/abyss/
Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. A site describing the many features of the Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, including wildlife and plant life as well as geology.
http://www.nps.gov/havo/
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. A description of the nature and activities of a well-known active volcano observatory.
http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/
Volcano Expedition from the Field in Costa Rica. A multimedia site describing many features associated with volcanoes in Costa Rica.
http://www.sio.ucsd.edu/volcano/
Volcanoes.com. A general site covering many aspects of volcanoes for general interest.
http://www.volcanoes.com/
The Earthquake Experience. A simple simulation of what the shaking of an earthquake might look like.
http://www.iris.edu/gifs/animations/faults.htm
Memento Mori. Displays streaming seismographic data measured continuously from a site near the Hayward Fault above the University of California, Berkeley.
http://memento.ieor.berkeley.edu/memento.html
Tsunami. An in-depth site describing many characteristics of tsunamis, including historic case studies and methods used to predict and track them.
http://www.geophys.washington.edu/tsunami/welcome.html
Virtual Tour of New Mexico Geology. This site includes information about Ship Rock, an eroded volcanic neck with radial dikes.
http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/tour/home.html
Structural Geology on the Web. Includes links to a wide variety of images, online courses, and fieldtrips.
http://www.structural-geology.org/
The Idaho Batholith. Maps and explanations of this important igneous intrusion.
http://imnh.isu.edu/digitalatlas/geo/bathlith/bathdex.htm
Geology of the Black Hills of South Dakota. Includes information on the Black Hills Dome.
http://homestake.sdsmt.edu/Core/Core%20Archive.pdf
Capitolo 13
Images of Weathering. Many examples with photographs of different types of weathering from Duke University.
http://www.env.duke.edu/eos/geo41/wea.htm
Gravestone Weathering. An interesting application from the UK on the analysis of weathering of gravestones.
http://www.envf.port.ac.uk/geo/inkpenr/graveweb/gravestone.htm
Turtle Mountain Landslide. A detailed account of an important landslide covered in the text.
http://www3.sympatico.ca/goweezer/canada/frank.htm
Hebgen Lake Landslide. A general account of an important landslide covered in the text.
http://www.seis.utah.edu/NEHRP_HTM/1959hebg/c1959he1.htm
Periglacial Processes in the Yukon Territory. An introduction to the different types of periglacial landforms evident in the Yukon.
http://sis.agr.gc.ca/cansis/taxa/landscape/ground/yukon.html
Capitolo 14
Mammoth Cave National Park. A virtual tour of the most extensive cave network in North America.
http://www.nps.gov/maca/planyourvisit/gocavetours.htm
USGS Groundwater Information Pages. An extensive introduction to the processes associated with groundwater.
http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/
Groundwater Primer (EPA). Download this self-extracting file to see a general introduction on groundwater.
http://water.epa.gov/drink/
The Caves of Lascaux. A tour of caves in northern France, famous for their exceptional examples of early cave paintings.
http://www.culture.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/
Colossal Cave Mountain Park, Tucson, Arizona. A virtual tour of a cave in the Sonoran desert.
http://www.colossalcave.com/cavetour.html
Water Conflict Chronology. A history of conflicts worldwide over water supplies.
http://www.worldwater.org/conflictchronology.html
Significant Floods in the US in the Twentieth Century. Provides historical accounts and assesses damage.
http://ks.water.usgs.gov/Kansas/pubs/fact%2Dsheets/fs.024%2D00.html
Nova—Flood! A web site created for the TV series Nova that examines the causes and effects of serious floods.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/flood/
Capitolo 15
USGS Current Water Data for the Nation. This government website displays real-time information, such as discharge, water depth, and precipitation, for rivers across the United States.
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt
EPA Stream Classification. This website describes the use of a flowchart system to classify streams.
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/tools/warsss/pla_box05.cfm
Erosional and Depositional Features of Running Water. This British site describes the various landforms created by running water.
http://elearning.stkc.go.th/lms/html/earth_science/locanada3/303/10_en.htm
Streams and Drainage Systems. A site maintained by Dr. Stephen Nelson of Tulane University that discusses all major aspects of channelized flow.
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol111/streams.htm
Stream Discharge, Fluvial Sediments and Flood Recurrence Frequencies. A site maintained by Dr. Jonathan Gourley of Trinity College that explains how to calculate stream discharge and flood recurrence intervals.
http://www.trincoll.edu/~jgourley/GEOS%20112%20home.htm
Channel Processes: Stream Channel Succession. An EPA website that discusses the dynamic evolution of stream channels.
http://water.epa.gov/scitech/datait/tools/warsss/successn.cfm
Capitolo 16
Coastal America. A detailed site about many aspects associated with coastlines including erosion and vegetation.
http://www.coastalamerica.gov/
Our Restless Tides. A general introduction by NOAA to the principles of tides and how they work.
http://co-ops.nos.noaa.gov/restles1.html
Coastal Erosion Fieldtrip—San Diego County, California. A well-illustrated virtual field trip with photographs and explanations of coastal erosion.
http://www.miracosta.cc.ca.us/home/cmetzler/field_trip/top.html
Carolina Coastal Science. A site focusing specifically on the coasts of the Carolinas with particular reference to the problems they face, such as hurricanes.
http://www.ncsu.edu/coast/
Deserts from USGS. A brief introduction to the features and processes associated with deserts.
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/deserts/
Desert USA. A wide variety of resources concerning deserts, including links to many specific desert sites.
http://www.desertusa.com/index.html
Images illustrating the principles of geomorphology by Lisa Wells. This site contains many photographs of coastal and desert features, as well as of glaciers and river landforms.
http://geoimages.berkeley.edu/GeoImages/Wells/wells.html
Capitolo 17
All About Glaciers (NSIDC). An extensive introduction to the features and processes associated with glaciers.
http://nsidc.org/glaciers/
Illustrated Glossary of Alpine Glacial Landforms. An extensive array of images of alpine glacial landforms.
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/lemke/alpine_glacial_glossary/
Nova—Cracking the Ice Age. A web site developed for the Nova TV program that presents evidence concerning the last ice age and what that evidence can tell us about how climate works.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/ice/
The Cryosphere from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. A general introduction to the processes and features associated with the cryosphere.
http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/index.html