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Sitografia
Capitolo 1
Social Knowledge: The Game
Want to put your knowledge of social psychology to the test? Smartphone users can download the Social Knowledge: The Game app. Every day, users can answer one thought-provoking question about social behavior. The correct answers will be sent the next day as well as a description of the relevant research findings (along with references). The app even tracks your success rate over time.
Link for iPhone users:
https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/social-knowledge-the-game/id561508167?mt=8
Link for Android users:
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=nl.wligtenberg.inmind.quiz
A tour through social psychology
www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/socpsy.html
Historical figures in social psychology
The following website contains brief descriptions of each of the famous social psychologists described in this section of the text (and more!), including Musafer Sherif, Kurt Lewin, Henri Tajfel, Stanley Milgram, Norman Tripplett, and William McDougall. Each description also contains links to additional information about the life and work of each historical figure.
www.socialpsychology.org/social-figures.htm
Stanford Prison Experiment
More information about a famous classic psychology experiment (1971)
More information about striving for mastery
http://changingminds.org/principles/understanding.htm
Capitolo 2
Examples of self-report measures used in research
www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/ccarver/CCscales.html
Internal validity: A tutorial
http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/Validity/
The American Psychological Association’s Ethical Guidelines
www.apa.org/ethics/code/index.aspx
The British Psychological Society’s Ethical Guidelines
www.bps.org.uk/sites/default/files/documents/code_of_ethics_and_conduct.pdf
Learn more about informed consent
www.research.umn.edu/consent/menu_soc.html
Methods and ethics quiz
Test what you’ve learned about research methods and ethics! (This page is also a nice review.)
www.learner.org/series/discoveringpsychology/methods/index.html
Capitolo 3
Face perception
An interesting site about judging someone’s personality just by looking at their face
www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/mind/articles/emotions/faceperception1.shtml
Facial expressions and culture
Cultural differences in interpretation of facial expressions––and emoticons!
www.livescience.com/1498-americans-japanese-read-faces-differently.html
The science of snap judgments
www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/publications
Attribution Theory
More details of the attribution theory and its applications http://www.as.wvu.edu/~sbb/comm221/chapters/attrib.htm
Bias
Even judges are biased by camera perspective
http://scienceblogs.com/cognitivedaily/2007/03/15/false-confessions-even-judges/
Kelley’s Covariation Theory
http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/covariation_model.htm
More on Kelley’s Covariation Theory
www.dsmgt310.faculty.ku.edu/SuppMaterial/KelleyAttributionTheory.htm
Perseveration
I repeat, Barack Obama is not Muslim. Stop perseverating!
http://phys.org/news187442140.html
More details of the self-fulfilling prophecy
Self-fullfilling prophecy
Smells like teen spirit: The use of cologne jump starts the self-fulfilling prophecy.
http://nortonbooks.typepad.com/everydaysociology
Capitolo 4
Mind reading
How to read minds like a wizard
www.psychologicalscience.org/onlyhuman/2010/04/how-to-read-minds-like-wizard.cfm
The worse-than-average effect
www.spring.org.uk/2012/06/the-worse-than-average-effect-when-youre-better-than-you-think.php
Test your self-concept and self-esteem
http://swppr.org/About%20Self-Concept%20Scales.html
Coming in third
Bronze medals are the worst!
http://mindhacks.com/2012/08/14/bbc-future-column-what-a-silver-medal-teaches-us-about-regret/
Test your self-esteem
http://psychologytoday.tests.psychtests.com/take_test.php?idRegTest=3207
Prevention focus and dieting
www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=87931325
Committing to a goal
Could you stick with it?
Self-affirmations and self-esteem
You are amazing: How to use self-affirmations to boost your self-esteem
www.huffingtonpost.com/guy-winch-phd/building-self-esteem-_b_3953771.html
Stress management
Stressed out? Here’s how to deal with it (tip 1).
www.helpguide.org/mental/stress_management_relief_coping.htm
More stress management
Stressed out? Here’s how to deal with it (tip 2).
www.mindtools.com/pages/main/newMN_TCS.htm
Protecting the ego by making excuses
www.nytimes.com/2009/01/06/health/06mind.html?_r=3&partner=rss&emc=rss&
The illusion of control
www.spring.org.uk/2013/02/the-illusion-of-control-are-there-benefits-to-being-self-deluded.php
Self-determination Theory
About intrinsic motivation and well-being www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/theory.html
Capitolo 5
Discrimination in action
An example of discrimination. Shopping while Black
http://thinkprogress.org/justice/2013/10/23/2826451/barneys-shopping-black/
The problem of prejudice
More information, examples and treatment for problems of prejudice and discrimination
www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/prejdisc.htm
Is race for real?
www.pbs.org/race/001_WhatIsRace/001_00-home.htm
Understanding race
www.understandingrace.org/home.html
Blending in
What do you do if you stick out for all of the wrong reasons?
Stereotypes and the media 1
Decreasing stereotypes through the media. The Cheerios commercial with the mixed-race family.
www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/31/cheerios-commercial-racist-backlash_n_3363507.html
Stereotypes and the media 2
Decreasing stereotypes through the media: A marriage equality ad from Australia.
http://my.firedoglake.com/teddysanfran/2011/11/25/best-marriage-equality-commercial-ever/
The Heterosexual Privilege Scale
www.depts.ttu.edu/scc/Virtual_Library/Handout_1.php?id=privilege
Modern racism
More information about “modern racism” and subtle prejudice
www.units.muohio.edu/psybersite/workplace/modernweb.shtml
Contact hypothesis
More information about the contact hypothesis http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/contact_hypothesis.htm
Capitolo 6
Social identity theory
More information about the social identity theory www.tcw.utwente.nl/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Interpersonal%20Communication%20and%20Relations/Social_Identity_Theory.doc/
Forced acculturation
An example of forced acculturation from Maine Mayor Bob Macdonald
In-group bias
In-group bias. Start ‘em young.
www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/22/emma-burton-kansas-fan_n_1371020.html?ref=topbar
Minimum group theory
www.sociallypsyched.org/item/minimal-group-paradigm
Voices of the Holocaust
www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/voices/holocaust.html
The Doll Study today
www.cnn.com/2010/US/05/19/doll.study.reactions/index.html
Assimilation
Becoming American: The Chinese experience
Pretending not to notice race
www.huffingtonpost.com/sam-sommers/what-does-it-really-mean-_b_875852.html
Capitolo 7
Measuring attitudes
Learn more about measuring attitudes
www.hkadesigns.co.uk/websites/msc/reme/likert.htm
Explicit attitudes
Measure your own explicit attitudes
www.yourmorals.org/explore.php
Implicit-Association Test
Do the IAT yourself
https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/
Affective vs. cognitive bases for attitudes
www.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/app/social/chap7_1.html
Attitudes and values in Europe
Cultural differences in attitudes
Attitudes and values throughout the world
www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp
Where do attitudes come from?
Do we really ever know where our attitudes and ideas come from?
www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUA4Q5aoG74
The mere exposure effect
www.sociallypsyched.org/item/mere-exposure-effect
Likeability
Funny commercial emphasizing the importance of likeability
www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9Egi8EoQc8
Attractiveness effect
Zooey Deschenel and Samuel L. Jackson: iPhone experts, or are they just really good looking?
http://adage.com/article/digital/consumers-love-apple-s-elitist-celebrity-siri-ads/234426/
Ease of accessibility and persuasion
People are more persuaded by easy (to read) than difficult (to read) information
www.psychologicalscience.org/onlyhuman/2008/10/recipe-for-motivation.cfm
Likelihood model
A summary of the elaboration likelihood model
www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlqUPJ_LCrs
Persuasion in health communication 1
An anti-smoking ad: Would it get you to quit?
Persuasion in health communication 2
What about graphic warning labels? Are these effective?
www.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/06/21/cigarette.labels/index.html?on.cnn=2
Inoculation Theory
More information about inoculation theory
www.as.wvu.edu/~sbb/comm221/chapters/inocul.htm
Capitolo 8
Foot in the door technique
More information on the foot-in-the-door technique
http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/sequential/fitd.htm
Attitude-behavior consistency
An example of attitude-behavior inconsistency: Texting while driving http://theinvisiblegorilla.com/blog/2010/12/22/driving-and-distraction-california-survey/
Cognitive dissonance in cults
www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/chronology.htm
Attitude shift
Women’s shift in attitudes before and after the pill
www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/pill/sfeature/sf_attitudes.html
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
More information on cognitive dissonance http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/cognitive_dissonance.htm
Influence of attitudes on behavior
Kissing under the mistletoe–Because you said so…
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6iNxHxwT-b4&feature=player_embedded#%21
Theory of reasoned action
More information on the theory of reasoned action www.cios.org/encyclopedia/persuasion/Gtheory_1reasoned.htm
Implicit and explicit attitudes
More information on implicit and explicit attitudes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attitude_(psychology)
The Theory of Planned Behavior
http://people.umass.edu/~aizen/index.html
Mindless eating
http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=2587819&page=1&singlePage=true
Capitolo 9
Asch conformity studies
More information on the conformity studies of Asch
www.age-of-the-sage.org/psychology/social/asch_conformity.html
False consensus effect
More information about the false consensus effect http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/false_consensus.htm
Group polarization
More information on group polarization
www.spring.org.uk/2009/09/group-polarization-the-trend-to-extreme-decisions.php
When jury deliberations fail
http://jurylaw.typepad.com/deliberations/2008/06/sunstein-deliberating-groups.html
Pluralistic ignorance
More information about pluralistic ignorance
www.answers.com/topic/pluralistic-ignorance
Groupthink and the Iraq War
www.nytimes.com/2013/03/18/opinion/krugman-marches-of-folly.html?hp&_r=2&
Effect of being in the minority
Juror in minority feels bad and pays woman’s fine
www.heraldtribune.com/article/20071202/NEWS/712020346/-1/newssitemap
Minority influence
More about minority influence
www.changingminds.org/explanations/theories/minority_influence.htm
Capitolo 10
Norms and the rules of the road
The Stanford Prison Experiment website
The Stanford Prison Experiment. Where are they now?
http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=40741
Deindividuation.
Some real world examples of deindividuation http://youarenotsosmart.com/2011/02/10/deindividuation/
Norm violations
What happens when someone violates a norm?
www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=W27pfiRg5WQ
Reciprocity
More information about reciprocity http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/reciprocity_norm.htm
The door-in-the-face-effect
http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/sequential/ditf.htm
How to use Cialdini’s six principles of persuasion
http://conversionxl.com/how-to-use-cialdinis-6-principles-of-persuasion-to-boost-conversions/#.
The low-ball technique
http://changingminds.org/techniques/general/sequential/low-ball.htm
Low-ball technique example
An example of the low-ball technique in car sales http://money.cnn.com/2004/01/14/pf/autos/yoyo/index.htm?cnn=yes
The making of Milgram’s obedience studies
www.thepsychologist.org.uk/archive/archive_home.cfm?volumeID=23&editionID=192&ArticleID=1729
More on Milgram’s obedience studies
www.thepsychfiles.com/2009/06/episode-97-stanley-milgram-obedience-study-finally-replicated/
Other obedience studies
More information about different obedience studies http://submoon.freeshell.org/pix/valium/aadc/img5.png
Replicating Milgram
http://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/story?id=2765416&page=1
When obedience to authority goes wrong
www.heal-online.org/prank121807.pdf
The obedience experiments at 50
Moral disengagement
More information about moral disengagement
http://faculty.babson.edu/krollag/org_site/soc_psych/bandura_moral.html
Capitolo 11
Social facilitation
More about social facilitation
www.spring.org.uk/2009/06/social-facilitation-how-and-when-audiences-improve-performance.php
Groups
More about the basic nature of groups and how they develop www.managementhelp.org/grp_skll/theory/theory.htm
The Cyberball website
www3.psych.purdue.edu/~willia55/Announce/cyberball.htm
Teamwork increases pain threshold
www.theguardian.com/science/2009/sep/16/teams-do-better-research-proves
Groupthink
The brainstorming myth www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/01/30/groupthink?currentPage=all
Groups and productivity
When groups are bad for productivity
www.spring.org.uk/2009/05/social-loafing-when-groups-are-bad-for-productivity.php
Is it beneficial to study in groups?
www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/were-only-human/the-hazards-of-teamwork.html
Contagion
Real-world examples of group contagion
Social loafing
Social loafing at the office and how to prevent it: An infographic.
www.mindflash.com/blog/2012/03/how-to-prevent-social-loafing-at-the-office
Stereotyping leaders
Gender stereotypes of leaders
www.catalyst.org/uploads/stereotypes_flyer.pdf
Dark side of leadership
More about the dark side of leadership www.govleaders.org/education_for_leadership2.htm
Capitolo 12
The Golden Ratio
Researchers discover “golden ratios” for female facial beauty
http://phys.org/news180195066.html
Do opposites attract?
www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2011/4/14/do-opposites-attract.html
Exchanging rewards
www.uky.edu/~drlane/capstone/interpersonal/socexch.html
Attachment styles
www.personalityresearch.org/attachment.html
Chemistry + timing = relationship success
www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2013/5/23/chemistry-timing-relationship-success.html
Passion and love
More information about how passion relates to other kinds of love
changingminds.org/explanations/theories/love.html
The sexual double standard
So many fish in the (online) sea
The science behind three popular dating apps
www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2013/6/12/the-science-behind-3-popular-dating-apps.html
What is normal, sexually?
www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b012l2yz
Are you the jealous type?
www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2013/3/8/are-you-the-jealous-type.html
Seven ways to improve your relationship
An infographic
www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2013/3/24/infographic-7-ways-to-improve-your-relationship.html
The top 15 sources of conflict in relationships
Terminating relationships
http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/terminating_relationships.htm
The science of heartbreak
www.scienceofrelationships.com/home/2013/9/15/the-science-of-heartbreak-video.html
The united states of marriage and divorce
www.pewresearch.org/2009/10/15/the-states-of-marriage-and-divorce/
Capitolo 13
Robbers Cave experiment
www.sociallypsyched.org/item/robbers-cave-experiment
A road trip to Robbers Cave Campground
http://ahp.apps01.yorku.ca/?p=3444
Hostile aggression
An example from women’ssoccer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PJiRQsyrBoI
Global warming can also increase aggression and violence
Violence in schools
An interactive map of school shootings around the world since 1996
Bandura’s Bobo Doll Study
The influence of aggressive models
www.simplypsychology.org/bobo-doll.html
Why do people deny violent media effects?
www.psychologytoday.com/blog/get-psyched/201302/why-do-people-deny-violent-media-effects
The weapons effect
www.psychologytoday.com/blog/get-psyched/201301/the-weapons-effect
Gun control and the culture of violence
www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201212/gun-control-and-the-culture-violence
World map of international conflicts
www.incore.ulst.ac.uk/services/cds/countries/
Escalating conflict:
A recent example
Fighting bullying with babies
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/11/08/fighting-bullying-with-babies/?hp
Global Peace Index
www.visionofhumanity.org/#/page/indexes/global-peace-index
Superordinate goals:
How working toward a superordinate goal united a town after disaster http://news.yahoo.com/twister-heals-ala-town-fractured-over-immigration-131958548.html
Capitolo 14
Kitty Genovese:
The real story
www.onthemedia.org/story/131359-the-witnesses-that-didnt/transcript/
www.thepsychfiles.com/2007/11/episode-36-the-myth-of-the-kitty-genovese-story/
Diffusion of responsibility and mass emails
www.psychologytoday.com/blog/science-small-talk/201302/mass-emails-and-mass-apathy
A tragic example of the bystander effect
www.nytimes.com/2012/12/05/nyregion/suspect-in-fatal-subway-push-is-in-custody.html?hp&_r=4&
The smoke study
www.sociallypsyched.org/item/the-smoke-filled-room
The Good Samaritan:
The study and a real-life example
www.sociallypsyched.org/item/good-samaritan
http://abcnews.go.com/US/california-samaritan-recounts-dramatic-kidnapping-rescue/story?id=11810423
Reciprocal altruism
http://downtownspokane.kxly.com/news/community-spirit/67660-woman-parts-three-rings-salvation-army
People will help, if they know how
http://am.blogs.cnn.com/2011/03/04/man-survives-after-96-minutes-of-cpr/
How egoistic or altruistic are you?
www.queendom.com/tests/access_page/index.htm?idRegTest=692
Empathy
http://changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/empathy.htm
The identifiable victim bias
www.wired.com/2010/08/the-identifiable-victim-bias/
Social dilemmas
http://perspicuity.net/sd/sd.html
http://stephenking.wikia.com/wiki/The_Plant
Superficial processing → spontaneous helping:
Hero who rescued teens during Norwegian island massacre says he acted on instinct
www.nbcnews.com/id/43880728/ns/world_news-europe/#.U-_JQrnwtjp
Real heroes